The present paper first aims to provide a brief overview of the research on English-medium instruction (EMI) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) in HE in parts of this region as well as highlighting general trends with reference to the use of English as the medium of instruction. In all these Higher Education (HE) institutes, English serves as the main lingua franca for staff, students and administrative personnel. Central and northern Europe includes the highest number of internationalized Higher Education (HE) institutes in Europe in general: among the ETP power houses are Netherlands as the first and Germany as the second with over 1 000 programs, followed by Sweden as the third with over 800 programs (Wächter and Maiworm 2014). According to the latest figures, the increase in English-taught programs (ETPs) has been tremendous at a growth rate of 500 % since 2002 (Wächter and Maiworm 2014). English is increasingly becoming the medium of instruction in European Higher Education.
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